How do you get Merkel cell carcinoma?

Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC) is a relatively rare and aggressive type of skin cancer that can develop due to various factors, although the exact cause is not fully understood. Here are some key points regarding how one can get Merkel Cell Carcinoma:

1. Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation Exposure: Prolonged and intense exposure to UV radiation from the sun is considered a risk factor for MCC. UV radiation can damage the DNA in skin cells, which can lead to the development of skin cancers, including MCC. However, unlike some other skin cancers like melanoma, MCC is not exclusively associated with UV exposure.
2. Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCV) Infection: In some cases, MCC has been linked to infection with the Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV). This virus is commonly found on the skin and in respiratory secretions of healthy individuals. It is thought that MCV may play a role in the development of MCC in susceptible individuals, but not everyone with MCV develops this cancer.
3. Weakened Immune System: Individuals with compromised immune systems, such as those who have undergone organ transplants or have certain medical conditions, are at a higher risk of developing MCC. A weakened immune system may not effectively control the growth of abnormal skin cells, including those with MCV infection.
4. Age: MCC is more commonly diagnosed in older adults, typically those over the age of 50. However, it can occur in people of all age groups.
5. Other Risk Factors: Some studies suggest that a history of other skin cancers or a family history of MCC may also increase the risk.

It's important to note that while these factors are associated with MCC, the majority of people with these risk factors do not develop the cancer. Additionally, the role of UV radiation and MCV in the development of MCC may vary from person to person.

Preventing MCC involves protecting your skin from excessive sun exposure, including using sunscreen, wearing protective clothing, and seeking shade. Regular skin checks by a dermatologist are essential for early detection, especially if you have risk factors or notice any unusual skin changes. If you have concerns or notice a rapidly growing skin lesion or nodule, it's crucial to consult a healthcare professional for evaluation and, if necessary, biopsy and treatment. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve the prognosis for MCC.